The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has faced renewed scrutiny as India and Turkey push for structural changes to the organization. The council, which was formed in 1945 following the conclusion of World War II, currently consists of five permanent members—the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China—each of whom possesses veto power over council resolutions.

Proponents of reform, including leaders from India and Turkey, argue that the current composition grants disproportionate influence to these five nations, failing to account for the shifts in global power and population that have occurred over the last eight decades. Turkey has specifically championed the slogan "The world is bigger than five," a phrase used to highlight the perceived inequality in the council's decision-making process. While the specific proposals for reform vary, the central argument from both nations is that the council must be expanded or restructured to include a more diverse range of voices to remain relevant and effective in addressing contemporary international conflicts. There is currently no consensus among the existing permanent members regarding how such reforms should be implemented or if the veto power should be modified.