India is currently evaluating its path forward in the global artificial intelligence race, attempting to avoid total dependence on either the United States or China. The urgency of this strategic autonomy was underscored in June, when American company Anthropic restricted access to its flagship AI models for international users due to US export directives. While access was restored in July, the incident served as a stark reminder that India’s AI capabilities remain subject to the regulatory decisions of Washington.

Simultaneously, China has sought to deepen its technological cooperation with India. During the BRICS summit held in New Delhi, Chinese President Xi Jinping signaled an interest in collaborative AI development. This presents a complex geopolitical landscape for India, which must weigh the risks of being tethered to American export policies against the potential implications of integrating Chinese technology into its national infrastructure.

Analysts suggest that India’s challenge lies in fostering a domestic AI ecosystem that is resilient to external disruptions. While the US provides advanced models, the recent export blocks demonstrate the volatility of relying on foreign-controlled platforms. Conversely, engaging with Chinese initiatives carries its own set of geopolitical considerations. India is now tasked with determining whether it can carve out a third path that prioritizes national sovereignty without isolating itself from the global advancements currently dominated by these two superpowers.