The conflict in Yemen remains a multifaceted struggle involving several domestic factions and international powers. At the center of the domestic landscape are the Houthi rebels, who control the capital, Sanaa, and significant portions of northern Yemen. Opposing them is the internationally recognized government, which has been supported by a Saudi-led coalition since 2015. This coalition, which includes the United Arab Emirates, has conducted extensive air campaigns and imposed blockades in an effort to restore the government to power.

Beyond these primary belligerents, the conflict is complicated by the involvement of various regional and global actors. Iran is widely viewed as a primary backer of the Houthi movement, providing military and political support, though Tehran often denies the extent of this involvement. Conversely, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France have historically provided logistical and intelligence support to the Saudi-led coalition, citing the need to counter Iranian influence and protect regional security interests.

Furthermore, the internal landscape is fragmented by the presence of various militias and separatist groups, such as the Southern Transitional Council (STC), which seeks autonomy for southern Yemen. These groups often shift alliances, creating a volatile environment where the lines between government forces and local militias frequently blur. The involvement of these diverse actors has transformed a localized civil war into a protracted regional proxy conflict, significantly complicating efforts to reach a lasting peace agreement. While all parties have expressed a desire for stability, disagreements over power-sharing, the legitimacy of the Houthi movement, and the role of foreign powers remain major obstacles to a unified resolution.