As the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) observes its 99th anniversary on August 1, the institution finds itself one year away from the deadline for its 2027 centenary modernization goals. This anniversary serves as a focal point for assessing the evolution of China’s military strategy, which has shifted significantly over the last century.

Historically, the PLA originated as a collection of guerrilla units. The South China Morning Post (SCMP) notes that the force began with limited resources, often characterized by basic equipment and irregular tactics. The narrative highlights the early experiences of figures like Xi Zhongxun, who led the Fifth Detachment of the Red Army’s Shaanxi-Gansu Guerrilla Force in the early 1930s. These early years were defined by mountain-based warfare and survival strategies that stood in stark contrast to the current operational doctrine.

Today, the PLA is focused on transitioning toward a high-technology conflict model. This shift involves moving away from the light infantry and guerrilla tactics of its founding era toward a modernized force capable of competing on a global stage. The current strategy emphasizes technological integration, reflecting the military's ambition to become a world-class force by its 100th anniversary. While the SCMP report focuses on the historical trajectory and the strategic shift toward hi-tech warfare, it frames this evolution as a deliberate and successful progression from a 'ragtag' origin to a sophisticated military power. The report serves as the first in a series examining the past, present, and future of China’s military capabilities.