As Russia’s domestic nuclear infrastructure ages, the country faces a mounting financial challenge regarding the decommissioning of its older reactors. Many of the plants currently in operation were built during the Soviet era and are nearing the end of their intended lifespans. The process of safely dismantling these facilities, managing radioactive waste, and rehabilitating the sites requires substantial long-term investment and specialized technical expertise.

Despite the looming costs associated with these domestic liabilities, the Russian state nuclear corporation, Rosatom, continues to aggressively expand its nuclear footprint globally. The company remains a major player in international markets, exporting reactor technology and construction services to various countries. This dual strategy—maintaining an aging domestic fleet while simultaneously financing new international projects—has raised questions among industry analysts regarding the prioritization of funding.

There is a clear tension between the immediate need to secure capital for the safe closure of older plants and the strategic desire to maintain Russia’s status as a global leader in nuclear energy exports. While the government has established funds for decommissioning, the scale of the work required suggests that these reserves may face significant pressure in the coming decades. The technical complexity of decommissioning, combined with the economic realities of a changing energy landscape, ensures that the management of these legacy sites will remain a critical issue for Russian energy policy for the foreseeable future.