Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue, which behaves similarly to the lining of the womb (the endometrium), begins to grow in other parts of the body. These growths are most commonly found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the lining of the pelvis. Unlike the normal lining of the womb, which sheds during a menstrual period, this displaced tissue has no way to exit the body, leading to inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions.

The primary symptom associated with endometriosis is pelvic pain, which is often linked to menstrual cycles. Many individuals report that their pain is significantly worse during their period than at other times. Other common symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, pain during or after sexual intercourse, and pain during bowel movements or urination. Some individuals also experience heavy menstrual bleeding, fatigue, or difficulty conceiving.

Because symptoms can vary widely in severity, diagnosis is often delayed. Medical professionals typically use a combination of pelvic exams, ultrasounds, and, in some cases, laparoscopy—a minor surgical procedure—to confirm the presence of the condition. While there is currently no known cure for endometriosis, various treatments are available to manage symptoms, including hormonal therapies to regulate the menstrual cycle and surgical interventions to remove the displaced tissue. The impact of the condition varies significantly from person to person, with some experiencing debilitating pain while others may have few or no symptoms at all.